Scientific Sodoku II

I just couldn’t resist playing some more sodoku.    This to look at the issue of looking at age at transition, with the age of starting on HRT as our guide, as the Nuttbrock, et al. data uses.  If we look at the difference between the expected amount of reported erotic cross-dressing to the actual, those that started on HRT as teens is very, very different than the other two.  Something about being a young transitioner is very different, even when accounting for self reported sexuality.  Again, we note that young transitioners are much less likely to be autogynephilic, than older transitioners.   It’s not just that they are more likely to be androphilic, which report the lowest percentage of erotic cross-dressing.  They are simply less likely to be AGP regardless of reported sexual orientation, when compared to older transitioners.

All numbers in percentage except for (n=number) and the A/E ratio:

Hormone Therapy

.                             Homosexual     Heterosexual    Bisexual     AGP      AGP              A/E
.                             (androphilic)   (gynephilic)                             Actual  Expected    Ratio
.                                     (n=391)          (n=71)               (n=96)
Autogynephilia           23.0                81.7                     67.7

Adolescent(n=171) 91.8                 0.6                         7.6            14.0       26.7         0.52
Adult (n=242)           64.5               13.2                       22.2           42.6       42.6          1.00
None (n=158)            54.2               25.5                      20.2           59.5       44.2          1.35

Reference:

A Further Assessment of Blanchard’s Typology of Homosexual versus Non-Homosexual or Autogynephilic Gender Dysphoria, Nuttbrock, et al. Archives of Sexual Behavior
http://www.springerlink.com/content/b48tkl425217331j/

Smarter Than The Average Bear

“… smarter than the average bear…”  – Yogi Bear, cartoon character

In the scientific literature, there have been occasional references to the general intelligence of transsexuals, several noting that Male-to-Female transsexuals are well above average, others noted just average intelligence.  Bailey in his book, TMWWBQ, remarked observationally, from those that he had seen, that the feminine androphilic type (“Homosexual”: HSTS) seemed to be lower than average.

In personal conversations with “late transitioning” transsexuals, they often remarked, wonderingly, at their observations that the transsexuals that they knew were above average, if not exceedingly above average intelligence.  In one such conversation, one TS made such a remark, while another, obviously extremely intelligent, rejected the idea, saying that that was just wishful thinking, that every “oppressed” group wanted to believe that they were special and superior.

For myself, I have long observed that the average intelligence of the feminine androphilic type was just average, that I knew as many bright kids as dull ones.  But, except for exactly one AGP, who was mildly mentally challenged, the rest of the “late transitioning” transsexuals were above average to exceedingly above average in intelligence and often, accomplishment.  How many top musicians, scientists, engineers, physicians, businesswomen, lawyers, and even politicians, have transitioned in mid-career?  But all of this is still anecdotal.

The Smith paper, studying a group of TS folk from their Netherlands clinic, included IQ scores.  Given that in the Netherlands, transfolk are fully covered by their national medical plan, this clinic is the most likely source of an unbiased sample to determine if there is any IQ effect:

“Non-Homosexual”:  121.7  (n=42)

“Homosexual”:            107.3  (n=39)

The difference between these two groups is an amazingly large effect size (d = 0.96), being almost one standard deviation difference.  This alone would support the two type taxonomy.  However, I wondered about the IQ of the “homosexual” group being a half standard deviation above average, which is by definition 100.  Lawrence has already pointed out that the sorting method used by the Smith study was inadequate to separate AGP from the MTF transkid population, as I have already blogged about in BridesHead Revisited.  I wondered if we could mathematically estimate the MTF transkid IQ score if we assume that the IQ of the AGP folk that were accidentally miscategorized as HSTS is the same as the AGP (Non-Homosexual) group already reported.  Another assumption would be that the ratio of miscatergorized AGPs is the same in the “Homosexual” group as that for whom the IQ was included in the above score.

Lawrence recategorized 23 out of 61 of the original Homosexual group as being Non-Homosexual based on their sexual history with women.  So, 23/61 of the 39 = 14.7 people with IQ scores are likely to have been miscategorized as Homosexual.  We won’t worry about quantizing to whole people at each stage, since that will introduce excessive rounding error.  That leaves 39 – 14.7 = 24.3 people for whom we want to find an estimate of their IQ:

( (39*107.3) – (14.7*121.7) )/24.3 = 98.6

Thus, our estimated average IQ for the resorted Homosexual transsexual population is very nearly 100, or average IQ for the non-transsexual population at large. This estimate does not say that this is in fact the case, but it does suggest that this is quite plausible, even probable.  So, assuming for the moment, and I think we can be safe doing so, that the HSTS population has an average IQ, this would suggest that there is no IQ selection pressure acting on the MTF transkid population in their decision to pursue transition and SRS.

However, for the AGP TS population, with an IQ of 121.7, which is one and a half standard deviations above norm, there must be an extremely high IQ selection pressure acting on them.  Looking at the math a bit closer, Smith, et al. reported that the SD=17.2 for the Non-Homosexual population, that means that 90% of the Non-Homosexual Transsexual population has an IQ greater than average.  That is to say, that only the more intelligent of the AGP population transitions and obtains SRS.

As confirmation that we are dealing with two different etiologies, this is powerful evidence.  But we are left searching for a theoretical model to explain why there is such a difference in selection pressures, why do only the more intelligent of the AGP type seek and obtain SRS?

One possible model is that for AGP TS, there is a high socio-economic cost to be paid when one transitions, that losing straight male privilege is weighed against the personal benefits of transition.  IQ score and subsequent socio-economic status are highly correlated.  Thus, it may be that only those AGP transsexuals who feel they can “afford” to lose some of that socio-economic status will pursue transition and SRS.  While for the HSTS population, other factors, unrelated to IQ / socio-economic status are paramount.

Addendum 3/1/2011

The recent Steensma paper with a shared co-author of the above study, published the IQ of a combined group of MTF and FtM teenagers, which at 98.86, essentially agrees with my estimate of 98.6 for the MTF trankids.  This gives added confidence in my estimate and conclusions.

Addendum 3/8/2013

I’m seeing a lot of traffic hitting this page so I believe I need to make it very clear:  TransFolk are not intrinsically more intelligent than non-transfolk, as groups.  This is instead a self-selection effect.  What we are seeing is that the less intelligent, less financially successful individuals, simply forgo transition, leaving only the more financially successful, who are likely to be more intelligent as well, to transition.  To make this easier to grasp:  Imagine a middle-aged night janitor who has been secretly cross-dressing for years, who would dearly love to do it full time, to have SRS, etc.  But he would lose his wife, likely lose the respect of his co-workers, and couldn’t afford SRS on his salary, even if he could keep his job… This poor soul may just stick to dreaming about living as a woman, and continue being a closet cross-dresser.

(Addendum 11/2/2016:

I just read some arguments on a forum in which one was questioning whether my hypothesis that the higher IQ of transitioning autogynephiles is a self-selection effect or that somehow autogynephilic people who are gender dysphoric are all naturally more likely to be intellegent, that no selection effect occurs.  But a recent large study shows that around 4.6% of men are somewhat autogynephilic.  Couple that with the census that only 90, 000 people in the US have actually transitioned full time, with perhaps half of them being autogynephilic MTF transwomen, thus approx. 45,000 out of 150,000,000 males (0.03%)… that means that only 0.6% of autogynephilic males actually transtion full time.  Having an average IQ of 122 means about 5% of the population.  That would seem to at least ALLOW my hypothesis… while assuming that autogynephilia automatically endowed increased intelligence in all would likely to have been noticed a long time ago?  While if it were true that autogynephilia and higher intelligence were intrisically connected, all of the males who had an IQ of 120 or higher would have to also be autogynephilic, which is simply not the case.)

References:

Male-to-female transsexual subtypes: Sexual arousal with cross-dressing and physical measurements
Lawrence, A.
http://akikos-planet.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/files/maletofemale_transsexual_subtypes_sexual_arousal_with_crossdressing_and_physical_measurements_319320.pdf

Transsexual subtypes: Clinical and theoretical significance
Yolanda L.S. Smith, Stephanie H.M. van Goozen, A.J. Kuiper, Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis
http://akikos-planet.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/files/psychiatry_research__transsexual_subtypes_clinical_and_theoretical_significance.pdf

Social mobility and IQ components
C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylora, John B. Gibson
Journal of Biosocial Science (1978)
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1384992

Thomas D. Steensma, Roeline Biemond, Fijgie de Boer and Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis, “Desisting and persisting gender dysphoria after childhood: A qualitative follow-up study”
http://ccp.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/01/06/1359104510378303